Sunday, 24 July 2011
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Good Without God: The Real Debate(s)
By Nick Don at TheopoliticalThe whole atheist-Christian “can morality exist without God” debate is a mess, because there are actually three debates going on and being endlessly conflated with one another. So, following atheist philosopher Peter Singer’s lines of division, here is what’s really going on.
1. Are atheists bad people compared with theists? This is where arguments like, “Stalin was an atheist,” and “atheism has led to more mass murders in the 20th century than x” come in. It is also where arguments like, “I am an atheist and I’m a decent chap” and “Christians do awful things sometimes” come in.This is where arguments like, “Are you telling me that if you stopped believing in God, you would be out raping and pillaging” fit.2. Do people need an authority figure (such as God) to force them to be good?
3. Do people need an objective reference point (such as God) to understand what is good? This is, I think, the main Christian contention, that without something ultimately more real than nature, humans are just sophisticated animals who act for their own gain, and “morality” comes down to, “Let’s agree not to kill each other so that we can get some other stuff done.” If this is the case, deviating from the agreement not to kill each other might be tactically unwise, but isn’t wrong in an ultimate sense. Yet many of us feel intuitively and existentially that murder is not just inexpedient, but wrong all the way through.
Each of these subjects is a distinct line of argument. I think atheists actually have very good resources for answering each of these, but I very rarely see them deploy these resources. Rather, what I see looks more like a shell game, where anytime a question becomes too hard to answer, the atheist in question defers to an easy answer to one of the other two questions.
So this isn’t an argument, just an appeal to keep our arguments neat and orderly, as they should be.
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Comments (35)
If there is no basis for "being good", how can someone truly be good? Without God, and without his being the centre of life, conscience, and moral compass, there's really only one place such a life will end up. One may be friendly to his/her neighbors, may be decent to folk living around him/her and in his/her circle of influence and life, but really, how can anyone be deemed good when there is nothing governing ones life? If there is no moral basis for life, how can someone's life truly and honestly be declared good?
Like it or not, as someone else once said, there's an Adolf Hitler lurning inside each and every one of us. Without Christ, wothout the saving and redeeming power of God in one's life, what is to stop someone from becoming a Hitler, a Stalin...or worse?
Without grace (read seeing this as God) it is easier for darkness to enter our lives. For some this absence is a signal flare for trouble. Having him in our lives is sort of like going to AA meetings.....but different, sort of.
I think most atheists would sit a little better with belief in our father if proponents of him stopped beating their chests screaming they are right and everyone who does not believe some of the fantastical stories of the Bible, which defy all logic for things ANY of us have seen in our lifetime, our parents life time or pretty much anyone has seen all the way back in time before toilets and pillow soft Charmin, is headed for Hell.
Atheists know what love is. Christianity does not have an exclusive on this and the sooner we Christians get over that the better we learn to love, accept and deal with the reality that acknowledging the gift of our father is not something that some have found yet.
@JandJinJapan@xanga - RYC: Without God, and without his being the centre of life, conscience, and moral compass, there's really only one place such a life will end up.
What of Joshua in Jericho? I read God gave him/them the land. I might have missed the verse that said take it regardless of the loss of human life. Innocent travelers passing through town at the time, out of town family visiting just kill them all? Seems to me the true goodness and love of the father of all would have brokered some different deal other than death to all. I learned the solution from my mom and dad as a young child. They taught me to share my things with my brothers and sisters especially if they were using them first.
Gandhi certainly knew who Christ was, but rejected the religion named for him, are you saying his life was not good? A.N. Windham knew God, and all of us and heard of Christ and helped save us all. Are you saying her life was a waste as well?
Very rarely do I recommend anything at revelife, but this is an exception. I agree with the breakdown of the debate, and I respect that Nick mentioned the fact that atheists have the resources to answer all three questions. It's hard to break out of the isolated Christianity espoused in most churches and move to a perspective that is more objective, but I think this is a step in the right direction.
"Yet many of us feel intuitively and existentially that murder is not just inexpedient, but wrong all the way through."
the problem is that even in the Bible the Judeo-Christian god permits murder. so obviously, it's not wrong "all the way through" because as a sentient being, God is just as capable of changing His mind as we are. why is that any less arbitrary?
@JandJinJapan@xanga - if you really believe that there's a Hitler or Stalin in all of us, i'm thankful you have a restraining force such as religion to keep you from going psycho. as for me, i've never felt the urge to kill millions of people.
I can readily think of many hate filled acts committed by so called religious groups right here in our own country. And they try to sway the political field as well, making sure they force their views on others, rather than show their beliefs through love, as Christ did. It makes sense to do unto others as you would have them do unto you, and it makes sense to love your neighbor as yourself, but rarely do we see religious folks capable of doing just that. And therein lies the problem.
Valid points and thought provoking but one key thing should be considered. Biblically speaking, God is not concerned with "good' people. Good people do not go to Heaven. People who realize that they are a broken people who are not perfect and put their faith in God are the ones who go to Heaven. Being a "good" person does not really have anything to do with knowing or being familiar with the Christian-Judeo God and even the Bible seems to support that. I think that have a faith and relationship with God just gives a deeper desire to become a better person for reasons other than because they sense that is the way that it should be.
Christianity is not up for debate. We have no proof. God, Jesus, His spirit is about as creditable as Santa and the Easter bunny. It is not something anyone can convince anyone about. For we are not 100% certain God is real since we have not physically experienced Him.
Love is not up for debate for that matter. Morality is not up for debate. We have no proof these feelings and emotions we have named are not just figments of our imagination.
The biggest part of life is faith. In our lifetimes, we get to choose what we want to believe in and how we let these beliefs affect our lives. No one has proof that any spiritual deity they choose to believe in, is indeed real.
Three things have been popularized to keep humanity under control. Science, Religion, and Love. Without these three things, I have no reason to not walk up to your family and shoot them in the head simply because i feel like it. We are told, because we all experience, we feel, we are alive, that we should value human life. Thus from the wisdom that there needs to be a control to prevent such selfish behavior, morality was deemed as a necessity.
Religion-wise, nothing on this earth is creditable other than that we live and we die. Death itself shall be the one thing that shall prove who was truly right and who was wrong. That in itself shows that the choice to believe or not is the ultimate personal test, because only you will be able to experience, or not experience, what happens to YOU after YOU die. That's assuming you actual experience anything after you die.
Christianity is nothing without faith. The bible, that which we base our belief in God, is nothing without faith.
How can you tell someone how they should rearrange their life based simply based on something you just one day decided to put your faith in? It's not reasona... it's just stupid. "Yeah, I don't have any proof for you, but someone told me about this book and I decided it's true so you should listen to me, like i listened to someone else, and listen to this book as well." That is ridiculous and that is something Christians need to get away from. Christianity is not up for debate. You hear about it. You choose to either listen, or ignore it. You choose to make it apart of your life or not. It's that simple. No room for debate.
I see it as 'good and bad' depending very, very much on the person. We can't all agree on what is good and bad, such as in ethics, and there isn't always a "go to book" for every situation (and even then, books can be interpreted differently by each person). I feel that in order to be 'good', you must weigh all options, consider everyone/thing that is affected, and do what FEELS right. I go more with my instinct and what I feel is right, although to someone else it might be wrong.
This can be applied to nearly any issue in life, be it something simple like "should I steal this one, little stapler from this multi-billion dollar business that pollutes the Earth and pays me below minimum wage" or something more complex (and controversial) like "is it okay to be gay". People are going to be all over both sides of both of those examples, and even if you turn to a religious text to look for answers, often times the religious text has contradictory answers.
I don't want to be good because someone tells me I have to nor because I will go burn somewhere later for it. I want to be good because I ENJOY it, because I don't like hurting others, because I wouldn't want others to be bad to me. Am I making any sense? (It's a little late lol!)
Stalin wasn't religious, but he killed because he was a greedy bastard, not because he didn't believe in god.
@JandJinJapan@xanga -
"If there is no basis for "being good", how can someone truly be good?"This might not be a very helpful answer, but I personally think the idea of good and bad is subjective. It's not necessarily the same for everyone. Sometimes it has to do with the way the person was raised, other times someone might just interpret something differently. But I think humanity has come to an agreement when it comes to certain things that would be considered bad, such as rape, murder, abuse, theft, etc. We don't really need a god to tell us not to rape, kill, abuse, or steal from each other because that's common sense.
Besides, the "moral basis" God presents isn't exactly a decent one to live by. If you haven't noticed, there's a lot of disgusting shit in the Bible. I grew up believing in God, attending church on a regular basis, and really considering myself a true Christian. But I can honestly say I feel as though I'm a much better person now, as an atheist, than I was before.
People can be good without God. I think I'm a good person, for the most part. I have faults but so does everyone. And I really don't think the fact that I'm an atheist should make you automatically assume I'm some terrible person, because that's just ignorant.
Also, I'm pretty sure Hitler wasn't an atheist. Besides, it's not just atheists who could potentionally become the next Hitler or Stalin, you know. Christians, Muslims, Mormons, Scientologists, whoever - ANYBODY could turn around and become a mass-murderer and ruin millions of lives, no matter what religion they subscribe to. Like I said, just because someone has a different belief doesn't mean they deserve to be judged and looked down upon.
"guilt" wasn't created by religion, just exploited by it. i think our conscience and guilty feelings, which for me is what keep me in line, would exist withoug religion. our brain evolved to include a conscience.
I remember the moment that I decided not to believe in religion.
I was in Sunday School.I asked: "What if someone is a good person but doesn't believe in God?" and I was told that those people go to hell.
If there is a God and it sends good people to hell for not believing in it, I think that God is immoral.I decided right then that if there was a higher power that created everyone and loved everyone, it wouldn't send people to hell for not believing in it.
@AMIGOS_WE_THREE@xanga - I believe that what @JandJinJapan@xanga - meant is that God is the centre of life, conscience, and the moral compass for everyone. All good things come from God (James 1:17). Every human has the ability to understand the sense of right and wrong based on the fact that Adam and Eve ate the fruit of the tree of KNOWLEDGE OF GOOD AND EVIL. We became, as the Devil put it, "like God" in that regard. So the question isn't, "is goodness exclusive to Christians?". It's, how does a relationship with God change my perspective on what goodness is and change the way I behave because of this new perspective?". Does that make sense?
Just for the sake of argument: Is it possible that humanity has a natural understanding of good and bad BECAUSE they were created by God in his image as the Bible suggests? I'm not even asking if it's probable. But is it possible? If so, then that gives every human being the opportunity to CHOOSE whether to be good or bad in every situation whether they believe in God or not. I think that Atheists and Christians can agree that they know Christians who are capable of doing wrong and know Atheists who are capable of doing good. I think that's a no brainer that supports my first proposition. The question isn't, "who are better people, atheists or Christians?". It's "how does (or would) a relationship with God effect me personally?". The fact that good and evil does exist (even if you believe it is subjective you at least admit it exists) is something that we can all agree upon. But let's rationally look at all the possibilities. How can you give 100% proof God doesn't exist? And I can give you 100% proof why he does exist.
@thisiswhereItellyoueverything@xanga - I have a quick question for you. If a good person had the opportunity to have a relationship with God but decided not to, then would that person really even WANT to spend eternity with the God they chose to reject? I believe that God gives good people enough opportunities to believe in him and to have a personal relationship with him. If they really wanted to discover whether God is real or not they would find enough evidence one way or the other. The Bible even says, "Knock and the door will be opened" and "seek and you will find" referring to God himself. But most people don't want the truth if they don't like it or find it "ridiculous". Heaven is more than just a good place to hang out. It's the complete intimacy with God. Why should God force himself onto someone who doesn't want that? I believe THAT would be immoral.
@TheyCallMePaulNow@xanga - Yeah, I don't want to hang out with God. But I don't want to go to Hell either...
@thisiswhereItellyoueverything@xanga - Should God force you? And how would that be more moral than allowing you to choose for yourself?
Well, I would have to disagree with the whole "atheists usually use a shell method and don't readily defend".
Generally, I find religious defenders much less credible, filled with much more fallacies, unsupportable claims, and obtuse thinking when compared to an atheist. Honestly, if an atheist cannot readily support their position with scientific and philosophical argument, then that person is more of a superficial atheist or agnostic. Being an atheist requires education.
Here, I see the comments in favor of god, and can see such logical and argumentative problems....the answers are good superficially...But when you scrutinize them...they don't hold up.
In the end everyone has their own beliefs, and I respect that as an atheist. But that shouldn't be mistaken with me not trying to raise a good argument.
@JandJinJapan@xanga - Amen
@JandJinJapan@xanga - Amen
I don't believe in atheist as they should have no compulsion to do good.
It would only be about that person and what they could get out of this life time.
Something inside of them keeps them in check with some exceptions..
You see down deep most people claiming to atheist aren't really..
They are only rebellious by nature and don't want to be obedient to any higher power..
They know their is a God that created all..
@TheyCallMePaulNow@xanga - Force me to do what? I don't believe in heaven or hell or god, but for the sake of argument say I believed in all of those things - there should be a third option.
Good people who don't believe in God wouldn't want to be in heaven, and they deserve better than hell.
Here's a theory to think about, maybe morality is a product of evolution. Altruism and selfishness are both seen in social creatures in the animal kingdom, is their moral code depend on God existing? Nope, evolution helps shape the best code of conduct for an animal to be sucessful via trial and error. Those who are too altruistic are taken advantage of and will not have time to focus on their own survival. Those who are too selfish are shun by the group for their greed and surviving on your own is harder than in a big supporting group. With the right blend, you have individuals that are nice (altrustic) to one another and help support the community/herd/flock while still being selfish enough to put one's family well being in front of the group's need.
A good example is the vampire bat. They will share food with their neighbor with the understanding that the neighbor will reciprocate if ever the need arise. Now if the bat does not reciprocate, the other vampire bats remember and will not share with that individual again. That bat is essentially on its own now. Humans and our social environment are vastly more complex than vampire bats but you can still see the similarities.
Now if you argue that evolution is dependent on God then I guess you got me there. God created evolution, which created morality, which tells us what is right and wrong.
I don't get why it's so hard for people to conceive of morality without God. How does the thought of murder make you feel? Would you want to live in a world where murder was considered perfectly acceptable? If anyone who was capable of doing so were allowed to end your life, on a whim? Scary thought, right? That's how it makes us feel. Scared, insecure. So, it's "wrong". It's based on a subjective feeling, so it's an opinion. But with something like murder, one opinion about it is so popular, and so many are so passionate about it, that for all effects and purposes, it may as well just be called "wrong". The problem in making that assumption, however, is that we then mistakenly establish that true "right" and "wrong" exist, and attempt to apply those terms to things which are not as widely agreed upon.
@Miiyo - If there were be a best-of collection of Xanga, I'd nominate this comment.